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How to Prepared and Standardize of 0.1 N Ceric Ammonium Sulphate Volumetric Solution.

How to Prepared and Standardize of 0.1 N Ceric Ammonium Sulphate Volumetric Solution.

                                                             

                                                                 

Preparation of 0.1 Ceric Ammonium Sulphate Volumetric solution

➤ Glass ware and instruments required.

Beaker, Glass stirrer, Graduated Pipettes, Graduated cylinder, Analytical balance, Sucker, Volumetric flask, Burette, Conical Flask, Fume hood.

➤ Reagents required.

Ceric Ammonium Sulphate Reagent Grade,

Mol. Wt. :- (2NH₄)2SO₄,Ce(SO₄)₂,2H₂O,   632.6

Sulphuric Acid AR/GR grade,

Arsenic Trioxide PS (Previously dried for 1 hr. at 105°,

Sodim Hydroxide 8% w/v,

Sulphuric Acid Dilute,

Osmic Acid Solution,

Ferroin Sulphate Solution.

➤ Preparation.

Weigh 65 g ceric ammonium sulphate reagent grade in 1000 ml volumetric flask. Dissolve in a mixture of 30ml sulphuric acid AR/GR grade  and 500ml of water  with the aid of gentle heat. Cool it to room temperature  and dilute up to the mark with water.

➤ Standardization. 

Accurately weigh about 0.2 g arsenic trioxide  PS,  previously dried for 1 hour at 105°, in  to a 500ml conical flask. Wash down the inner walls of the flask with 25 ml of 8%w/v solution of sodium hydroxide, swirl to dissolve, add 100ml of water and mix. Add 30 ml  of dilute sulphuric acid, 0.15 ml  of osmic acid  solution, 0.1 ml  of ferroin sulphate solution, and titrate with ceric ammonium sulphate solution until  the pink colour  of the solution changes sharply to pale blue colour.

➤ Calculations.

                                   g  AS₂O₃  x  0.1

N / M  = --------------------------------------------------

                          0.004946  x   Burette reading in ml 

  

How to prepared and standardised of 0.1 N Ferrous Ammonium Sulfate volumetric solution.

How to Prepared and Standardize of 0.1 N Ferrous Ammonium Sulfate volumetric Solution 

                                                      

Preparation of 0.1 Ferrous Ammonium Sulfate Volumetric solution

➤ Glass ware and instruments required.

Beaker, Glass stirrer, Graduated Pipettes, Graduated cylinder, Analytical balance, Sucker, Volumetric flask, Burette, Conical Flask, Fume hood.

➤ Reagents required.

Ferrous Ammonium sulfate Reagent Grade,

Molecular Wt. :- Fe(NH₄)₂(SO₄)₂, 6H₂O,  392.14,

Potassium dichromate,

Sulphuric Acid.

Ferroin Solution

➤ Preparation.

Weigh about 39 g ferrous ammonium sulfate reagent grade into 1000 ml volumetric flask containing about 400 ml water. Add 20 ml of conc. sulfuric and and make up to the mark.

➤ Standardization.

Pipette out 10 ml std Potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O_7). Acidify by adding 10 ml Sulphuric Acid (H₂SO₄₎ and titrate with Ferrous Ammonium Sulfate by adding 2 to 4 drops of ferroin solution as an indicator. End point is yellow to reddish black.

➤ Calculations.

                      Volume of K₂Cr₂O₇ solution, ml    x  0.2500

N / M= ----------------------------------------------------------------------

               Volume FAS used in titration  [Burette reading in ml ]

How to prepare and Standardize 0.1 N Sodium Thiosulphate volumetric Solution.

How to prepare and Standardize 0.1 N Sodium Thiosulphate volumetric Solution.

                                                              

                                                                     

Preparation of 0.1 N Sodium Thiosulphate volumetric solution.

➤ Glass ware and instruments required.

Beaker, Glass stirrer, Graduated Pipettes, Graduated cylinder, Analytical balance, Sucker, Volumetric flask, Conical flask, Burette, Fume hood.

➤ Reagents required.

Sodium Thiosulphate 

Molecular Wt. :- Na2S2O3,5H2O, 248.19

Potassium Bromate PS

Sodium Carbonate Reagent grade

Starch Indicator 

 ➤ Preparation.

Weigh accurately about 26 g sodium thiosulphate reagent grade and 0.2 g sodium carbonate reagent  grade in 1000 ml volumetric flask. Dissolve and dilute with recently boiled and cooled water. Filter the solution, if it is not clear.

➤ Standardisation.

Accurately weigh about 0.2 g Potassium Bromate PS into 250 ml volumetric flask. Dissolve and makeup the volume with recently boil and cooled water. Pipette out 50 ml of above solution into 250 ml conical flask. To this add 2 g potassium iodide reagent grade and 3 ml of 2 N Hydrochloric acid and slowly titrate with 0.1 N / 0.1 M Sodium Thiosulphate solution using starch solution as an indicator, which is added towards the end of the titration, until the blue colour is discharged. Note this final end point as burette reading in ml. 

➤ Calculations.

                                      g  KBrO₃  x  0.1 x 50

N / M = --------------------------------------------------------------

                           0.002784  x   Burette reading in ml x 250

How to prepare and Standardize 0.05 N Sulphuric acid volumetric Solution

How to prepare and Standardize 0.05 N Sulphuric acid volumetric Solution

                                                 

                                                      

Preparation of 0.05 N Sulphuric acid volumetric solution.

➤ Glass ware and instruments required.

Beaker, Glass stirrer, Graduated Pipettes, Graduated cylinder, Analytical balance, Sucker, Volumetric flask, Burette, Conical Flask, Fume hood.

➤ Reagents required.

Sulphuric acid.
Molecular wt H2SO4 , 98.08
Sodium carbonate primary standard. (Previously dried for 1 hour at 270°C - 300°C)
Methyl red indicator.

 ➤ Preparation.

Transfer slowly with stirring, 0.3 ml of sulphuric acid reagent grade to 1000 ml volumetric flask containing 100 ml water, cool and dilute up to the mark with same solvent.

➤ Standardisation.

Accurately weigh about 0.015 g sodium carbonate PS, previously dried for 1 hour at 270° - 300°, in 250 ml conical flask. Dissolve in 100 ml water. Add 2 drops of methyl red indicator solution. Titrate with 0.01 N / 0.005 M sulphuric acid till the solution becomes faint pink. Heat the solution to boiling, cool to room temperature by holding the flask under tap water. Continue titration to faint pink colour. Repeat the steps of heating and cooling till faint pink colour is restored. 

➤ Calculations.

                            Wt. of  Na2CO3  × 0.05  
Normality = --------------------------------------------
                         0.0005299 × Burette reading in mL

How to prepare and Standardize 0.05 N Sodium hydroxide volumetric solution.

How to prepare and Standardize 0.05 N Sodium hydroxide volumetric solution.

                                                               

Preparation of 0.05 N Sodium hydroxide  volumetric solution.

➤ Glass ware and instruments required.

Beaker, Glass stirrer, Graduated Pipettes, Graduated cylinder, Analytical balance, Sucker, Volumetric flask, Fume hood.

 ➤ Reagents required.

Sodium hydroxide.
Molecular wt NaOH , 40.0
Potassium hydrogen phthalate primary standard. (Previously dried for 2 hour at 120°C)
Phenolphthalein indicator.

 ➤ Preparation.

Weigh 2 g sodium hydroxide pallets reagent grade in beaker add 150 ml of carbon dioxide free water. Cool the temperature to room temperature. Filter through filter paper and transfer to 1000 ml volumetric flask dilute up to the mark with same solvent and transfer to tight polyolefin container. 

➤ Standardisation.

Accurately weigh about 0.25 g potassium hydrogen phthalate PS,  previously crushed lightly and dried for 2 hour at 120°, in 250 ml conical flask. Dissolve in 100 ml carbon dioxide free water. Add 2 drops of phenolphthalein indicator solution. Titrate with 0.05 N / 0.05 M sodium hydroxide till the solution becomes permanent pink. Note this final end point as burette reading in ml.

➤ Calculations.

                                          g  KHC₈H₄O₄  x  0.05

                N / M = --------------------------------------------------

                                    0.01021  x   Burette reading in ml 

How to prepare and Standardize 0.5 N Sodium hydroxide volumetric solution

How to prepare and Standardize 0.5 N Sodium hydroxide volumetric solution.

                                                                       

Preparation of 0.5 N Sodium hydroxide  Volumetric solution.

➤ Glass ware and instruments required.

Beaker, Glass stirrer, Graduated Pipettes, Graduated cylinder, Analytical balance, Sucker, Volumetric flask, Fume hood.

 ➤ Reagents required.

Sodium hydroxide.
Molecular wt NaOH , 40.0
Potassium hydrogen phthalate primary standard. (Previously dried for 2 hour at 120°C)
Phenolphthalein indicator.

➤ Preparation.

Weigh 22 g sodium hydroxide pallets reagent grade in beaker, add 150 ml of  carbon dioxide free water. Cool to room temperature. Filter through filter paper and transfer to 1000 ml volumetric flask. Dilute up to the mark with same solvent and transfer to tight polyolefin container. 

➤ Standardisation.

Accurately weigh about 2.5 g potassium hydrogen phthalate PS, previously crushed lightly and dried for 2 hour at 120°C, in 250 ml conical flask. Dissolve in 100 ml carbon dioxide free water. Add 2 drops of phenolphthalein indicator solution. Titrate with 0.5 N / 0.5 M sodium hydroxide till the solution becomes permanent pink. Note this final end point as burette reading in ml.

➤ Calculations.

                               g  KHC₈H₄O₄  x  0.5

N / M = --------------------------------------------------

                            0.1021  x   Burette reading in ml